Efficacy and safety of triple therapy containing berberine, amoxicillin, and vonoprazan for Helicobacter pylori initial treatment: A randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#With the development of traditional Chinese medicine research, berberine has shown good efficacy and safety in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of triple therapy containing berberine, amoxicillin, and vonoprazan for the initial treatment of H. pylori.@*METHODS@#This study was a single-center, open-label, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with H. pylori infection were randomly (1:1:1) assigned to receive berberine triple therapy (berberine 500 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, vonoprazan 20 mg, A group), vonoprazan quadruple therapy (vonoprazan 20 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, colloidal bismuth tartrate 220 mg, B group), or rabeprazole quadruple therapy (rabeprazole 10 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, colloidal bismuth tartrate 220 mg, C group). The drugs were taken twice daily for 14 days. The main outcome was the H. pylori eradication rate. The secondary outcomes were symptom improvement rate, patient compliance, and incidence of adverse events. Furthermore, factors affecting the eradication rate of H. pylori were further analyzed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 300 H. pylori-infected patients were included in this study, and 263 patients completed the study. An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed that the eradication rates of H. pylori in berberine triple therapy, vonoprazan quadruple therapy, and rabeprazole quadruple therapy were 70.0% (70/100), 77.0% (77/100), and 69.0% (69/100), respectively. The per-protocol (PP) analysis showed that the eradication rates of H. pylori in these three groups were 81.4% (70/86), 86.5% (77/89), and 78.4% (69/88), respectively. Both ITT analysis and PP analysis showed that the H. pylori eradication rate did not significantly differ among the three groups (P >0.05). In addition, the symptom improvement rate, overall adverse reaction rate, and patient compliance were similar among the three groups (P >0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The efficacy of berberine triple therapy for H. pylori initial treatment was comparable to that of vonoprazan quadruple therapy and rabeprazole quadruple therapy, and it was well tolerated. It could be used as one choice of H. pylori initial treatment.

Bismuth, esomeprazole, metronidazole, and minocycline or tetracycline as a first-line regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Given the general unavailability, common adverse effects, and complicated administration of tetracycline, the clinical application of classic bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is greatly limited. Whether minocycline can replace tetracycline for Helicobacter pylori ( H . pylori ) eradication is unknown. We aimed to compare the eradication rate, safety, and compliance between minocycline- and tetracycline-containing BQT as first-line regimens.@*METHODS@#This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 434 naïve patients with H . pylori infection. The participants were randomly assigned to 14-day minocycline-containing BQT group (bismuth potassium citrate 110 mg q.i.d., esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., metronidazole 400 mg q.i.d., and minocycline 100 mg b.i.d.) and tetracycline-containing BQT group (bismuth potassium citrate/esomeprazole/metronidazole with doses same as above and tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d.). Safety and compliance were assessed within 3 days after eradication. Urea breath test was performed at 4-8 weeks after eradication to evaluate outcome. We used a noninferiority test to compare the eradication rates of the two groups. The intergroup differences were evaluated using Pearson chi-squared or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Student's t -test for continuous variables.@*RESULTS@#As for the eradication rates of minocycline- and tetracycline-containing BQT, the results of both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses showed that the difference rate of lower limit of 95% confidence interval (CI) was >-10.0% (ITT analysis: 181/217 [83.4%] vs . 180/217 [82.9%], with a rate difference of 0.5% [-6.9% to 7.9%]; PP analysis: 177/193 [91.7%] vs . 176/191 [92.1%], with a rate difference of -0.4% [-5.6% to 6.4%]). Except for dizziness more common (35/215 [16.3%] vs . 13/214 [6.1%], P = 0.001) in minocycline-containing therapy groups, the incidences of adverse events (75/215 [34.9%] vs . 88/214 [41.1%]) and compliance (195/215 [90.7%] vs . 192/214 [89.7%]) were similar between the two groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The eradication efficacy of minocycline-containing BQT was noninferior to tetracycline-containing BQT as first-line regimen for H . pylori eradication with similar safety and compliance.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR 1900023646.

Pathological features of early gastric cancer and its background mucosa after eradication of Helicobacter pylori and their implications for biopsy diagnosis / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological changes of early gastric cancer, especially its background mucosa, after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and to investigate the causes of underdiagnosis in preoperative biopsy pathology. Methods: Ninety cases of early gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication and 120 cases of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens without H. pylori eradication and their corresponding biopsy specimens were collected from Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University during 2016-2021. The clinicopathological data of the patients were analyzed, and the histopathological characteristics and immunophenotypic results compared. Results: Compared with the early gastric cancer without H. pylori eradication history, the histopathological type of early gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication was differentiated adenocarcinoma, with staggered distribution of cancerous and non-cancerous epithelium in the tumor area. The morphologic characteristics of gastric mucosa in the background of early gastric cancer after H. pylori eradication, were distinctive, including widening of the opening of enterosylated glandular ducts, serrated change of luminal margin, eosinophilic and microvesicular cytoplasm of enterosylated epithelium. Low-grade atypia existed in gastric cancer epithelial cells after sterilization, which might lead to underdiagnosis or missed diagnosis in biopsy pathology. Conclusions: Early gastric cancer and its background mucosa after H. pylori eradication have unique morphological characteristics, which can be used as a clue for pathological diagnosis, improve the accuracy of biopsy pathology and reduce the underdiagnosis.

Dual therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) has long been recommended for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) eradication in China. Meanwhile, in the latest national consensus in China, dual therapy (DT) comprising an acid suppressor and amoxicillin has also been recommended. In recent years, the eradication rate of H. pylori has reached >90% using DT, which has been used not only as a first-line treatment but also as a rescue treatment. Compared with BQT, DT has great potential for H. pylori eradication; however, it has some limitations. This review summarizes the development of DT and its application in H. pylori eradication. The H. pylori eradication rates of DT were comparable to or even higher than those of BQT or standard triple therapy, especially in the first-line treatment. The incidence of adverse events associated with DT was lower than that with other therapies. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the effects of dual and quadruple therapies on gastrointestinal microecology. In the short term, H. pylori eradication causes certain fluctuations in the gastrointestinal microbiota; however, in the long term, the gastrointestinal microbiota eventually returns to its normal state. In the penicillin-naïve population, patients receiving DT have a high eradiation rate, better compliance, lower incidence of adverse reactions, and lower primary and secondary resistance to amoxicillin. These findings suggest the safety, efficacy, and potential of DT for H. pylori eradication.

Antibacterial activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. red flower against antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori and identification of the flower constituents

Utilization of plant resources for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections is one of the appealing approaches as rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is occurring throughout the world. Ethanol extract and its fractions from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis red flower were assessed for antibacterial and urease inhibitory activities towards forty-three clinical strains and two reference strains of H. pylori. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most potent bacteriostatic activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.2-0.25 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of 1.25-1.5 mg/mL against all test strains, including forty-three strains resistant to one to four antibiotics, azithromycin (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL), erythromycin (MICs, 8-128 µg/mL), levofloxacin (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL), and/or metronidazole (MICs, 8-256 µg/mL). The fraction had similar antibacterial activities toward these test strains suggesting the preparation and the antibiotics do not have a common mechanism of anti-H. pylori activity. The fraction also had stronger effects on biofilm formation, morphological conversion, and urease activity of H. pylori than the other fractions and the ethanol extract. These flower preparations were non-toxic to three human cell lines, and nine compounds were also isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction. In vivo research needs to be conducted to confirm the potential usefulness of H. rosa-sinensis flower and its constituents for effective prevention and treatment of H. pylori disease.

Helicobacter pylori y cáncer gástrico / Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer

Introducción: El Helicobacter pylori se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de gastritis crónica atrófica, metaplasia intestinal y displasia, lesiones que pueden evolucionar a carcinoma gástrico. Existen investigaciones que demuestran que la erradicación de esta bacteria disminuye el riesgo de progresión histopatológica de las lesiones preneoplásicas, excepto la metaplasia intestinal y la displasia. Se realizó una revisión de los artículos publicados en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo, Medline y Cochrane, relacionados con el tema. Objetivo: Profundizar en los conocimientos relacionados con la infección por Helicobacter pylori y cáncer gástrico. Desarrollo: El adenocarcinoma es el tumor gástrico más frecuente y el Helicobacter pylori es el agente etiológico principal. En poblaciones de riesgo elevado, el adenocarcinoma gástrico de tipo intestinal, se precede de lesiones preneoplásicas (atrofia, metaplasia intestinal y displasia) que evoluciona al cáncer invasor. Conclusiones: Helicobacter pylori favorece la carcinogénesis gástrica, aunque existen otros factores de riesgo para el surgimiento del cáncer gástrico como son: la historia familiar, la pobre ingestión de frutas y vegetales y el bajo nivel socioeconómico(AU)

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori has been linked to the development of chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia, lesions that can progress to gastric carcinoma. There is research showing that the eradication of this bacterium reduces the risk of histopathological progression of preneoplastic lesions, except for intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. A bibliographic review was made of the articles published in the Pubmed, Scielo, Medline and Cochrane data bases, related to the topic, belonging to authors dedicated to the study of this problem. Objective: To go deepen in the knowledge related to Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. Development: Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent gastric tumor and Helicobacter pylori is the main etiologic agent. In high-risk populations, gastric adenocarcinoma of the intestinal type, is preceded by preneoplasic lesions (atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia), that progresses to invasive cancer. Conclusions: Helicobacter pylori favors gastric carcinogenesis, although there are other risk factors for the development of gastric cancer such as: family history, poor intake of fruits and vegetables, and low socioeconomic leve(AU)

Guía de práctica clínica para el diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por Helicobacter Pylori en enfermedades gastroduodenales / Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of Helicobacter Pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases

La infección por Helicobacter pylori (HP) es la infección crónica más común en humanos (1, 2). Se trata de una bacteria gram negativa espiralada, microaerofílica (3) que por su contenido en ureasa, motilidad y capacidad para adherirse al epitelio gástrico puede sobrevivir y proliferar en el medio gástrico (4). Esta bacteria generalmente no invade el tejido gástrico, pero lo hace más susceptible al daño del ácido péptico al romper la capa mucosa y liberar enzimas y toxinas que, al ser reconocidas por el huésped, generan una reacción inflamatoria más perjudicial aún. La inflamación crónica del tejido altera la fisiología de la secreción gástrica y produce una gastritis crónica que en muchos casos no causa síntomas ni progresa, pero en otros, produce úlcera péptica, o gastritis atrófica que luego avanza a metaplasia intestinal y eventualmente a carcinoma gástrico (5-7). La prevalencia de infección por HP a nivel global es estimada en alrededor de 50% de la población, en el Perú, esta cifra llega al 45.5% (8). Debido a la alta prevalencia de la infección y las complicaciones de la misma es necesario realizar una Guía de Práctica Clínica que optimice el diagnóstico y manejo de esta infección. Por ello, el Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud) priorizó la realización de la presente guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para establecer lineamientos basados en evidencia para gestionar de la mejor manera los procesos y procedimientos asistenciales de la presente condición. Esta GPC fue realizada por la Dirección de Guías de Práctica Clínica, Farmacovigilancia y Tecnovigilancia del Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación (IETSI) de EsSalud.

Adaptación a la realidad de Latinoamérica de la Guía Clínica NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN 2016 sobre Diagnóstico, Prevención y Tratamiento de Infección por Helicobacter pylori en Pediatría / Adaptation to the reality of Latin America of the NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN 2016 Guidelines on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pediatrics

Resumen: Introducción: Las últimas guías clínicas conjuntas de NASPGHAN y ESPGHAN en relación a la infección por H. pylori publicadas el año 2016, contienen 20 afirmaciones que han sido cuestionadas en la práctica respecto a su aplicabilidad en Latinoamérica (LA); en particular en relación a la preven ción del cáncer gástrico. Métodos: Se realizó un análisis crítico de la literatura, con especial énfasis en datos de LA y se estableció el nivel de evidencia y nivel de recomendación de las afirmaciones mas controversiales de las Guías Conjuntas. Se realizaron 2 rondas de votación de acuerdo a la técnica Delfi de consenso y se utilizó escala de Likert (de 0 a 4) para establecer el "grado de acuerdo" entre un grupo de expertos de SLAGHNP. Resultados: Existen pocos estudios en relación a diagnóstico, efectividad de tratamiento y susceptibilidad a antibióticos de H. pylori en pacientes pediátricos de LA. En base a estos estudios, extrapolaciones de estudios de adultos y la experiencia clínica del panel de expertos participantes, se realizan las siguientes recomendaciones. Recomendamos la toma de biopsias para test rápido de ureasa e histología (y muestras para cultivo o técnicas moleculares, cuando estén disponibles) durante la endoscopia digestiva alta sólo si en caso de confirmar la infección por H. pylori, se indicará tratamiento de erradicación. Recomendamos que centros regionales seleccio nados realicen estudios de sensibilidad/resistencia antimicrobiana para H. pylori y así actúen como centros de referencia para toda LA. En caso de falla de erradicación de H. pylori con tratamiento de primera línea, recomendamos tratamiento empírico con terapia cuádruple con inhibidor de bomba de protones, amoxicilina, metronidazol y bismuto por 14 días. En caso de falla de erradicación con el esquema de segunda línea, se recomienda indicar un tratamiento individualizado considerando la edad del paciente, el esquema indicado previamente y la sensibilidad antibiótica de la cepa, lo que implica realizar una nueva endoscopía con extracción de muestra para cultivo y antibiograma o es tudio molecular de resistencia. En niños sintomáticos referidos a endoscopía que tengan antecedente de familiar de primer o segundo grado con cáncer gástrico, se recomienda considerar la búsqueda de H. pylori mediante técnica directa durante la endoscopia (y erradicarlo cuando es detectado). Con clusiones: La evidencia apoya mayoritariamente los conceptos generales de las Guías NASPGHAN/ ESPGHAN 2016, pero es necesario adaptarlas a la realidad de LA, con énfasis en el desarrollo de centros regionales para el estudio de sensibilidad a antibióticos y mejorar la correcta selección del tratamiento de erradicación. En niños sintomáticos con antecedente familiar de primer o segundo grado de cáncer gástrico, se debe considerar la búsqueda y erradicación de H. pylori.

Abstract: Introduction: The latest joint H. pylori NASPGHAN and ESPGHAN clinical guidelines published in 2016, contain 20 statements that have been questioned in practice regarding their applicability in Latin America (LA); in particular in relation to gastric cancer prevention. Methods: We conduc ted a critical analysis of the literature, with special emphasis on LA data and established the level of evidence and level of recommendation of the most controversial claims in the Joint Guidelines. Two rounds of voting were conducted according to the Delphi consensus technique and a Likert scale (from 0 to 4) was used to establish the "degree of agreement" among a panel of SLAGHNP ex perts. Results: There are few studies regarding diagnosis, treatment effectiveness and susceptibility to antibiotics of H. pylori in pediatric patients of LA. Based on these studies, extrapolations from adult studies, and the clinical experience of the participating expert panel, the following recom mendations are made. We recommend taking biopsies for rapid urease and histology testing (and samples for culture or molecular techniques, when available) during upper endoscopy only if in case of confirmed H. pylori infection, eradication treatment will be indicated. We recommend that selected regional centers conduct antimicrobial sensitivity/resistance studies for H. pylori and thus act as reference centers for all LA. In case of failure to eradicate H. pylori with first-line treatment, we recommend empirical treatment with quadruple therapy with proton pump inhibitor, amoxi cillin, metronidazole, and bismuth for 14 days. In case of eradication failure with the second line scheme, it is recommended to indicate an individualized treatment considering the age of the pa tient, the previously indicated scheme and the antibiotic sensitivity of the strain, which implies performing a new endoscopy with sample extraction for culture and antibiogram or molecular resistance study. In symptomatic children referred to endoscopy who have a history of first or se cond degree family members with gastric cancer, it is recommended to consider the search for H. pylori by direct technique during endoscopy (and eradicate it when detected). Conclusions: The evidence supports most of the general concepts of the NASPGHAN/ESPGHAN 2016 Guidelines, but it is necessary to adapt them to the reality of LA, with emphasis on the development of regional centers for the study of antibiotic sensitivity and to improve the correct selection of the eradication treatment. In symptomatic children with a family history of first or second degree gastric cancer, the search for and eradication of H. pylori should be considered.

Infección por Helicobacter pylori: Frecuencia del fracaso del tratamiento de primera línea / Helicobacter pylori infection. Frequency of first-line treatment failure

La resistencia bacteriana a ciertos antibióticos condiciona el éxito del tratamiento erradicador de la infección gástrica por Helicobacter pylori y es motivo de creciente preocupación a nivel mundial. Dada la escasa evidencia publicada en Argentina sobre este tema, nuestro objetivo fue investigar factores asociados a la persistencia de H. pylori post-tratamiento antibiótico. Se determinó la frecuencia de fracaso terapéutico en 81 pacientes con gastritis por H. pylori tratados en nuestro Servicio y sometidos al estudio de urea en aire espirado para confirmar la erradicación de la infección. La edad promedio fue 58±12 y 43.2% eran hombres. La frecuencia de fracaso terapéutico fue 17.3%. De los dos esquemas más utilizados, la frecuencia de fracaso fue mayor con claritromicina + amoxicilina que con levofloxacina + amoxicilina (25% vs. 6.6%, p=0.04). Como factores de riesgo investigamos las siguientes variables: edad, género, síntomas, tabaquismo, consumo de anti-inflamatorios, diabetes, obesidad, tipo y duración de tratamiento. En el análisis univariado, el uso de esquemas con claritromicina y el género masculino se asociaron significativamente a persistencia de la infección [OR 4.2 (1.1-15.6) y 5.2 (1.1-26.4)]. En el análisis multivariado, el uso de esquema con claritromicina permaneció asociado al fracaso terapéutico [OR 5.38 (1.1-29.5)]. Concluimos que la inclusión de claritromicina en el esquema terapéutico para la gastritis por H. pylori se asoció a mayor fracaso terapéutico. Este fracaso es atribuible a alta prevalencia de resistencia de H. pylori a ese antibiótico en la población atendida en nuestro hospital y cuestiona las prácticas habituales de tratamiento en nuestro medio.

Antibiotic resistance may hinder the efficacy of eradication therapy against Helicobacter pylori infection and it has become a major concern worldwide. Due to the relatively scarce evidence published in Argentina on this topic, our aim was to describe factors associated with H. pylori persistence after antibiotic treatment. The therapeutic failure rate was described among 81 patients with H. pylori gastritis treated in our Hospital with a post-treatment urea breath test to determine successful eradication. Mean age was 58 ± 12 and 43.2% were male subjects. H. pylori persistence was observed in 17.3% of subjects. Therapeutic failure was more common among patients receiving clarithromycin + amoxicillin therapy that among those receiving levofloxacin + amoxicillin (25% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.04). The following variables were assessed: age, gender, referral symptoms, smoking, anti-inflammatory use, diabetes, obesity, treatment type and duration. Clarithromycin-based therapy and male gender were associated with infection persistence on univariate analysis [OR 4.2 (1.1-15.6) and 5.2 (1.1-26.4)]. On multivariate analysis, clarithromycin-based was associated with infection persistence [5.38 (1.1-29.5)]. We conclude that clarithromycin-based therapy is significantly associated with treatment failure. This failure may be due to an elevated prevalence of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin in the population under study and raises the question on the utility of such therapeutic alternative.

Anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment can effectively improve the clinical remission rates of irritable bowel syndrome: a controlled clinical trial meta-analysis

Here we used a meta-analysis of several clinical trials to determine whether anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy has any positive effect on IBS patients. Here we compared the effective clinical remission rates between IBS patients treated with anti-H. pylori therapy and those who were not. This data would provide more clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of novel treatments and intervention points for IBS patients. Relevant studies were identified using keyword searches on various electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CNKI, and CBM. Keywords included "helicobacter pylori" and "irritable bowel syndrome" among others. The literature was screened using relatively strict inclusion and exclusion criteria and RevMan 5.3.5 and Stata 15.1 software were used for meta-analysis and to assess publication bias and sensitivity. A total of ten studies met all of the inclusion criteria; these included 655 IBS patients with H. pylori infection, of these, 385 patients were in the experimental group and 270 patients were in the control group. A random-effects model was used to pool the odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CIs) and the combined OR was 2.87 (95% CI: 1.74-4.72), p<0.0001. These findings suggest that anti-H. pylori therapy can effectively improve the remission rates of H. pylori-positive IBS patients. H. pylori infection is known to correlate with the incidence of IBS. Anti-H. pylori treatment can effectively improve the clinical remission rates of IBS patients. Whether this means that IBS patients should be actively treated with anti-H. pylori compounds as a novel strategy to improve the remission rates needs to be evaluated in vivo.

Erradicación de Helicobacter pylori en pacientes con dispepsia funcional / Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with functional dyspepsia

La dispepsia constituye un motivo de consulta frecuente en atención primaria. A propósito de un paciente con diagnóstico de dispepsia funcional, la autora se plantea si el tratamiento de erradicación del Helicobacter pylori podría mejorar los síntomas. Luego de una búsqueda rápida se encontró evidencia que señala que el tratamiento de la infección por este germen podría ser beneficiosa para aliviar los síntomas de la dispepsia funcional a largo plazo, aunque con mayor riesgo de efectos adversos, por lo que otros tratamientos alternativos continúan siendo ser una opción válida en el manejo de los pacientes con este problema de salud. (AU)

Nuevos retos en el tratamiento de la infección por helicobacter pylori / New challenges in the treatment of the infection for helicobacter pylori

RESUMEN La infección por helicobacter pylori afecta aproximadamente al 50% de la población mundial, es causante de gastritis crónica, úlcera péptica, cáncer gástrico y linfoma del tejido linfoide asociado a la mucosa. Desde su descubrimiento, la erradicación ha sido uno de los más importantes retos en Gastroenterología. En muchos países se desconoce la prevalencia de resistencia primaria del microorganismo a los diferentes antibióticos que empíricamente se utilizan, y por no realizar pruebas de rutina que verifican su erradicación en la práctica diaria, se ignora la efectividad de los esquemas prescritos. El incremento progresivo de la resistencia a la claritromicina y metronidazol, unido a una ausencia de antibioticoterapia alternativa, desafía la capacidad para eliminar de manera efectiva a ésta bacteria. El subcitrato de bismuto ha resurgido y su adición en la terapia ha permitido aumentar las tasas de curación por encima del 90%. Actualmente se invoca que para mejorar la eficacia en el tratamiento se debe combinar una supresión potente del ácido gástrico en tratamientos combinados cuádruples con una duración de 14 días, para la mayoría de los casos. La adherencia al tratamiento es crucial para obtener buenos resultados terapéuticos.

ABSTRACT The infection for helicobacter pylori affects approximately to the world population's 50%, it is causing of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer and linfoma associated to the mucous one. From their discovery, the eradication has been one of the most important challenges in Gastroenterología. In many countries the prevalencia of primary resistance is ignored from the microorganism to the different antibiotics that empirically they are used, and for not carrying out routine tests that verify its eradication in the daily practice, the effectiveness of the prescribed outlines it is ignored. The progressive increment of the resistance to the claritromicina and metronidazol, together to an absence of alternative antibioticotherapy, challenges the capacity to eliminate from an effective way to this bacteria. The bismuth subcitrato has resurged and its addition in the therapy has allowed to increase the cure rates above 90%. At the moment it is invoked that to improve the effectiveness in the treatment, that is should combine a potent suppression of the gastric acid in combined quadruple treatments with a duration of 14 days, for most of the cases. The adherence to the treatment is crucial to obtain therapeutic good results.

A Novel three drug rigemen (moxifloxacin ­ omeprazole - nitazoxanide) in comparison to traditional triple therapy for treatment and eradication of naïve and resistant H. pylori infection in dyspeptic patients

Background: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common, medically prominent infection worldwide and one of the major causative factor of peptic ulcer disease. So, eradication of H. pylori is effective in healing ulcers, reducing the ulcer recurrence and eliminating the need for maintenance therapy.Objective: The aim of the work was to compare between the efficacy of traditional triple therapy and Moxifloxacin-based triple therapy in treatment of H. pylori infection and to evaluate the efficacy of moxifloxacin-based regimens as a rescue regimen for H. pylori eradication in resistant patients. Patients and methods: This study was carried out on 100 Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected patients (within the period between septemper, 2018 to May, 2019) who were enrolled from Hepatology, Gastroenterology & Tropical Medicine Department, Al Azhar University Hospitals (El-Hussein and BAB El-Shaarea). Results: Helicobacter pylori eradication results in group III as evaluated by monoclonal H. Pylori stool Ag, 6 weeks post therapeutic regimens reported that eradication rate was 76.9% (20 patients). Regarding post treatment clinical data in group III, 42.3% of patients remained having symptoms and 57.7% had acheived symptomatic improvement. Also, the best results were recorded for H.pylori eradication (90%) in group II who received moxifloxacin based triple therapy compared to group I (with eradication rate 62.9%) who received traditional triple therapy regimen. Thus the better results (76.9%) were achieved in group III (resistant patients from group I). Conclusion: The present results could state that moxifloxacin can overcome traditional triple therapy resistance

Erradicación de Helicobacter pylori, consideraciones clínicas según la edad / Helicobacter pylori eradication, clinical considerations related to age

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative bacteria that survives in the gastric acid environment. The infection is acquired mainly during childhood. Fifty to 70% of adult population has the infection. However, in the last 10 year, a decrease in the prevalence of this infection has been observed in all age groups, in particular in pediatric population and elderly patients over 60 years old. The evolution of the infection depends on bacterial factors (virulence and toxins) and host immune response. People infected mainly develop gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer and MALT lymphoma. H. pylori infection is the main risk factor of gastric cancer and for that reason, the eradication is recommended if H. pylori has been detected through invasive or non-invasive tests. Among children, eradication is not recommended unless there is a clinical manifestation that merits. H. pylori eradication is recommended in symptomatic adults and there is a controversy about massive eradication in asymptomatic population due to the risk of development of antibiotic resistance. Treatment is based on the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) associated to antibiotics, that should be chosen taking into account the increasing antibiotic resistance, and local availability. Clarithromycin (CLA) and levofloxacin resistance is increasingly high, and CLA-free quadruple therapy schemes are currently recommended for first-line therapy. H. pylori eradication must be confirmed with invasive or non-invasive tests. Second-line therapy based on antibiotics not previously used, PPI high doses and bismuth is recommended.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) es una bacteria gramnegativa que sobrevive en el medio ácido gástrico. La infección se adquiere principalmente en la niñez. Un 50 a 70% de la población adulta es portadora, pero en los últimos 10 años, se ha observado una disminución en la prevalencia de infección en todos los grupos etarios, en particular en población pediátrica y mayores de 60 años. La evolución de la infección depende de factores propios de la bacteria (virulencia, toxinas) y de la respuesta inmune del huésped. Los individuos infectados desarrollan principalmente patologías gastrointestinales como gastritis, úlcera péptica y linfoma MALT. La infección por H. pylori es el principal factor de riesgo del cáncer gástrico por lo que se recomienda su erradicación en caso de haberse detectado mediante test invasivo o no invasivo. En niños, no es recomendable la erradicación a menos que exista una manifestación clínica que lo amerite. Se recomienda su erradicación en adultos sintomáticos y existe controversia respecto a la erradicación masiva en población asintomática debido al riesgo de desarrollar resistencia antibiótica. El tratamiento se basa en el uso de inhibidores de la bomba de protones asociado a antibióticos, los cuales deben ser escogidos teniendo en cuenta la tasa de resistencia antimicrobiana y disponibilidad local. La resistencia a claritromicina (CLA) y levofloxacino es creciente, por lo que se recomienda el uso de esquemas de cuadriterapia libre de CLA en esquemas de primera línea. Se recomienda confirmar su erradicación con test no invasivos y retratar con esquema de segunda línea con antibióticos no utilizados previamente, asociado a dosis altas de inhibidores de bomba de protones y sales de bismuto.

Helicobacter pylori eradication: influence of interleukin-1beta -31 C/T polymorphism

ABSTRACT Aim To analyze the influence of the -31 C/T polymorphism of the interleukin-1β gene on Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy success in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods Functional dyspepsia was diagnosed according to the Rome III criteria. All patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and gastric biopsies were obtained at screening and 12 months after randomization (last follow-up visit). Urease test and histological examination were performed to define the H. pylori status. Patients received twice-daily amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole for 10 days. Genotyping of the interleukin-1beta -31 C/T polymorphism (rs1143627) was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results One hundred forty-nine patients received treatment with triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. Only one patient was lost to follow-up, and adherence to study medication was 94.6%. A total of 148 patients (mean age 46.08 ± 12.24 years; 81.8% women) were evaluated for the influence of the interleukin-1beta -31 C/T polymorphism on the outcome of H. pylori eradication therapy. After treatment, bacteria were eradicated in 87% of patients (129/148). Genotype frequencies of the polymorphism were as follows: CC, 38/148 (25.7%); CT, 71/148 (47.9%); and TT, 39/148 (26.4%). Successful eradication rate was 78.9%, 94.4% and 82.1% for the CC, CT and TT genotypes, respectively. The CT genotype was significantly associated with successful H. pylori eradication (p= 0.039). Conclusion This study suggests that the CT genotype of the interleukin-1beta -31 C/T polymorphism plays a role in the successful eradication of H. pylori among patients with functional dyspepsia.